This article is about the history of Russia after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. For the history of Russia before 1991, see History of Russia.
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Russian Federation
Российская Федерация
1991–present
Flag of Russia
1993 - present
Top: Flag (1991–93)
Bottom: Flag (1993–)


Top: Emblem
(1992–93)
Bottom: Coat of
arms (1993–)
Anthem:
Патриотическая песня
Patrioticheskaya pesnya
"The Patriotic Song"
(1991–2000)
Duration: 1 minute and 17 seconds.1:17

Государственный гимн Российской Федерации
Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii
"State Anthem of the Russian Federation"
(2000–present)
Duration: 1 minute and 22 seconds.1:22
Russian territory since the 2022 annexation of Ukrainian territory on the globe, with unrecognised territory shown in light green.[a]
Russian territory since the 2022 annexation of Ukrainian territory on the globe, with unrecognised territory shown in light green.[a]
Capital
and largest city
Moscow
55°45′N 37°37′E
Official language
and national language Russian[3]
Recognised national languages See Languages of Russia
Ethnic groups (2010)[4]
80.9% Russian
3.9% Tatar
1.4% Ukrainian
1.1% Bashkir
1.0% Chuvash
1.0% Chechen
10.7% Others
Religion (2017)[5]
73% Christianity
—70% Russian Orthodoxy
—3% Other Christian
15% No religion
10% Islam
2% Others
Demonym(s) Russian
Government Federal presidential republic
(1991–1992)
Federal semi-presidential republic
(1992–1993) under rule by decree (Sep–Dec 1993)
Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic[6]
(1993–present) under an authoritarian dictatorship (2014–present)
President
• 1991–1999
Boris Yeltsin
• 1999–2008
Vladimir Putin
• 2008–2012
Dmitry Medvedev
• 2012–present
Vladimir Putin
Prime Minister
• 1991–1992
Boris Yeltsin (first)
• 2020–present
Mikhail Mishustin (current)
Legislature Supreme Soviet
(1991–1993)
Constitutional Conference
(Oct–Dec 1993)
Federal Assembly
(1993–present)
• Upper house
Soviet of Nationalities
(1991–1993)
Federation Council
(1993–present)
• Lower house
Soviet of the Republic
(1991–1993)
State Duma
(1993–present)
Independence from the Soviet Union
• RSFSR sovereignty
12 June 1990
• Yeltsin inaugurated
10 July 1991
• Renamed
25 December 1991
• USSR dissolves
26 December 1991
• Current constitution
12 December 1993
• Second Chechen War
7 August 1999 – 30 April 2000
• Union State formed
8 December 1999
• Russo-Georgian War
7–12 August 2008
• Crimea annexed
18 March 2014
• Last amendments
4 July 2020
• Russian invasion of Ukraine
24 February 2022 - Present
Area
• Total
17,098,246 km2 (6,601,670 sq mi)[7] 17,125,200 km2 (including Crimea)[8] (1st)
• Water (%)
13[9] (including swamps)
Population
• 2022 estimate
Neutral decrease 145,478,097
(including Crimea)[10]
Neutral decrease 143,054,637
(excluding Crimea)[10]
(9th)
• Density
8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (181st)
GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $4.365 trillion[11